But handpumps are ubiquitous. There are more than a million of them on the African continent, and easily half are broken.
In 2019, I attended the World Water Week conference in Stockholm, where one study of (mainly) handpump systems serving over one million people in five African countries, demonstrated that user fees covered just 25% of long-term operation and maintenance costs, which might explain why so many pumps are not repaired when they stop working. An insufficient fee structure sheds light on a couple of issues: one, that user fees were not established based on data-driven research, and, two, that users did not feel like they were getting a level of service worth paying for.
A users’ unwillingness to pay for operation and maintenance costs of a water system does not reflect my personal experience over the past 25 years. I have consistently found that when people have a high-quality water service, they will do everything to take care of it, and pay the full costs of maintenance.
A high level of water service looks very similar to the public utility serving your home, with 24/7 piped water to every single household; with a water meter installed at the home and a monthly water bill that supports the long-term maintenance of a system; with trained community members who manage their own system in perpetuity.
When water is available in the home, families experience a complete solution that includes a kitchen faucet, a toilet, and a shower. Not to mention, a cup of coffee, as Maria, a 78-year-old grandmother from Las Canadas, Honduras reminded me last year, “Now I begin my day with a cup of coffee rather than a walk for water.” Piped water ends the walk for water.
Donors have an important role to play in changing the status quo for the over 2 billion people stranded in extreme poverty, by not only carefully researching where they choose to invest, but by advocating for poor people without a voice. When donors demand that the water sector provide only the highest quality complete solutions, together, we will end the global water crisis.
This has never been more true than in 2020. The coronavirus pandemic has thrown a new light onto existing water security issues. Cases are surging in countries where water is not available for hand-washing.
The highest quality solutions might not be the least expensive, but this is not the time for bargain shopping. In the water sector, we need to move away from using cost/person to measure impact and instead invest in programs and projects that meet quantity and quality standards and have proven they are sustainable over the long-term. Up to $10 billion dollars are wasted annually as a result of poor investment decisions. If this funding were redirected to piped water systems, we could cover Sub-Saharan Africa in less than 20 years.
If only the highest-quality services are good enough for us, why aren’t they equally good for the home of a peasant farmer or a migrant in living in the urban slum settlements.
When we make smart investments up-front in the water sector, we set communities up to address other development needs. Once water is no longer the all-consuming focus of the day, girls can attend school, women can earn an income, and families can move beyond the grips of extreme poverty.
Water is the foundation. Let’s get it right the first time.
